A neurofibroma is a non-cancerous tumor that arises from the nerve sheath, composed mainly of Schwann cells, fibroblasts, and connective tissue. These tumors can develop anywhere throughout the body but are most commonly found on the skin’s surface or along deeper nerve pathways.
Neurofibromas may present as a single isolated tumor or occur in multiples as part of a genetic condition known as neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), which results from mutations in the NF1 gene. While smaller neurofibromas typically do not cause pain, larger or more deeply situated tumors can lead to symptoms such as discomfort, numbness, or muscle weakness, especially if they press on surrounding nerves.
Diagnosing neurofibromas typically starts with a thorough physical examination, followed by imaging techniques such as MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) or CT (Computed Tomography) scans to assess the size, location, and impact of the tumor. In some cases, a biopsy may be performed to analyze the tissue and rule out malignancy.
Treatment is not always necessary, especially if the neurofibroma is small and causes no symptoms. However, if the tumor leads to pain, nerve compression, or other complications, surgical removal may be advised. Since there is a slight risk that some neurofibromas could turn malignant over time, regular monitoring and follow-up examinations are critical to catch any changes early and ensure timely intervention.
